The Oral History of the Russian-Chinese Family as a Source for Studying the Ethnocultural Identity of the Descendants of Russian-Chinese Families on the Far Eastern Frontier

Альманах
Key words
ethnic identity, ethnocultural processes, frontier, Russians, Chinese
Author
Yana V. Zinenko, Olga E. Tsmykal
About the Author
Yana V. Zinenko
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6255-9756
E-mail: yasya11111@mail.ru Tel.: +7 (4162) 23-45-60
21, Ignatievskoe Hwy, Blagoveshchensk, 675027, Russian Federation PhD in Philosophy, Associate Professor, Department of Literature and World Art Culture, Amur State University

Olga E. Tsmykal
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7622-7437
E-mail: olgatsmykal@yandex.ru Tel.: +7 (4162) 23-45-60
21, Ignatievskoe Hwy, Blagoveshchensk, 675027, Russian Federation
PhD in Philology, Associate Professor, Department of Literature and World Art Culture, Amur State University
Received
Date of publication
DOI
https://doi.org/10.26158/TK.2025.26.2.011
Acknowledgements

The study was carried out within the framework of the Amur State University grant “The World of Ethnic Cultures in Oriental Studies of the Far Eastern Frontier (Based on Archive Materials)”.

Body

This article presents the results of the field work of scholars from the Center for the Study of Far Eastern Emigration and the Laboratory of Frontier Studies of Amur State University among a Russian-Chinese family (the Kochmaryovs) living in the Russian-Chinese borderland. Modern Russian scholarship takes an interest in the mechanisms of the formation and preservation of Russian ethnic identity and of that of inter-ethnic populations. The Far Eastern frontier is a historical zone of contacts between Russians and representatives of other ethnic groups, the most numerous of which are the Chinese (Han). Russian-Chinese marriages are not uncommon in this territory. How do the descendants of such unions perceive their own ethnocultural affiliation? The oral history of the Kochmaryov family reflects the sociocultural and ethnocultural processes taking place on the Far Eastern frontier in the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries, as well as the specifics of the ethno-cultural identity of two generations of this Russian-Chinese family. The authors of the study conclude that the formation of ethnic identity of Russian Chinese is influenced by a variety of factors, among which, in addition to genetic markers of ethnicity, include the social environment, upbringing, historical and the political situation.

References

Arkheologiya i etnografiya Priamur’ya [Archeo­logy and Ethnography of the Amur Region] (2023). Ed. by A.P. Zabiyako Van Tszyun’chzhehn, D. P. Volkov etc. Novosibirsk: Izd-vo IAET SO RAN. In Russian.

Ju Kunyi (2019) “Kharbinskii tekst” pervoi poloviny XX veka v ustnykh rasskazakh kharbintsev [The “Harbin Text” of the First Half of the Twentieth Century in the Oral History of Harbin Residents]. Traditsionnaya kul’tura [Traditional Culture]. 2019. Vol. 20. No. 4. Pp. 120–135. In Russian.

Ryabchenko N. P. (2013) Istoriya Kitaya v XX veke [The History of China in the Twentieth Century]. Rossiya i ATR [Russia and ATR]. 2013. No. 1 (79). Pp. 128–132. In Russian.

Zabiyako A. A. (2017) Semeinye memoraty russkikh Trekhrech’ya kak osnova rekonstruktsii istoricheskikh protsessov i etnokul’turnoi identifikatsii v kitaiskoi srede [Family Memories of Russians of Tryokhrech’e as the Basis for the Reconstruction of Historical Processes and Ethnocultural Identification in the Chinese Environment]. In: Zabiyako A. A., Zabiyako A. P. Russkie Trekhrech’ya: osnovy etnicheskoi samobytnosti [Russians of Tryokhrech’e: the Bases of Ethnocultural Distinctiveness]. Novosibirsk: IAET SO RAN. Pp. 182–209. In Russian.

Zabiyako A. A., Zabiyako A. P., Zinenko Ya. V., Zhang Ruyang (2016) Russkaya emigratsiya v Kitae: opyt iskhoda [Russia and China on the Far Eastern Borders. Russian Emigration in China: The Experience of Emigration]. Iss. 12. Ed. by A. P. Zabiyako, A. A. Zabiyako. Blagoveshchensk: AMGU. Pp. 212–229. In Russian.

Zabiyako A. A., Zinenko Ya. V., Zhang Ruyang (2020) “Mama — russkaya, papa rodnoi — kitaets, vtoroi papa — kitaets”: memoraty potomkov russko-kitaiskikh brakov v Amurskoi oblasti [“Russian Mother, Chinese Father, Chinese Second Father”: Memories of Descendants of Russian-Chinese Marriages in the Amur Region]. In: Rossiya i Kitai na dal’nevostochnykh rubezhakh. Narody i kul’tury Severo-Vostochnogo Kitaya [Russia and China on the Far Eastern Borders. Peoples and Cultures of North-Eastern China]. Ed. by A. P. Zabiyako, A. A. Zabiyako. Blago­veshchensk: AmGU. Pp. 314–336. In Russian.

Zabiyako A. P. (2010) Porubezh’e [Frontier]. In: Rossiya i Kitai na dal’nevostochnykh rubezhakh. Russkie i kitaitsy: regional’nye problemy etnokul’turnogo vzaimodeistviya [Russia and China on the Far Eastern Borders: Regional Problems of Ethnocultural Interaction]. Iss. 9. Ed. by A. P. Zabiyako. Blagoveshchensk: AmGU. Pp. 6–11. In Russian.

Zabiyako A. P., Kobyzov R. A., PonkraSemeinye memoraty russkikh Trekhrech’ya kak osnova rekonstruktsii istoricheskikh protsessov i etnokul’turnoi identifikatsii v kitaiskoi srede [Family Memories of Russians of Tryokhrech’e as the Basis for the Reconstruction of Historical Processes and Ethnocultural Identification in the Chinese Environment]. Rossiya i ATR [Russia and ATR]. 2016. No. 3. Pp. 185–198. In Russian.

Zabiyako A. A., Zinenko Ya. V., Zhang Ruyang (2018) Besedy s russkoi kharbinkoi: Lyubov’ Nikolaevna Li [Conversations with a Russian Resident of Harbin: Lyubov Nikolaevna Li]. In: Rossiya i Kitai na dal’nevostochnykh rubezhakh. Russkaya emigratsiya v Kitae: opyt iskhoda [Russia and China on the Far Eastern Borders. Russian Emigration in China: The Experience of Emigration]. Iss. 12. Ed. by A. P. Zabiyako, A. A. Zabiyako. Blagoveshchensk: AMGU. Pp. 212–229. In Russian.

Zabiyako A. P., Kobyzov R. A., Ponkra­tova L. A. (2009) Russkie i kitaitsy: etno­migratsion­nye protsessy na Dal’nem Vostoke [Russia and Chinese: Ethnocultural Processes in the Far East]. Ed. by A. P. Zabiyako. Blagoveshchensk: AMGU. In Russian.

Zabiyako A. P., Zabiyako A. A. (2017) Russkie Tryokhrech’e: osnovy etnicheskoi samobytnosti [Russian of Tryokhrech’e: The Foundations of Ethnic Identity]. Novosibirsk: IAET SO RAN. In Russian.

Zhang Ruyang (2019) “Da, pokhoronili vmeste, po obychayu Sovetskogo Soyuza”: pogrebal’nye traditsii russkikh Trekhrech’ya v semeinykh fotografiyakh [“Yes, They Were Buried Together, According to the Custom of the Soviet Union”: Funeral Traditions of the Russian Tryokhrech’e in Family Photos]. Traditsionnaya kul’tura [Traditional Culture]. 2019. No. 4. Pp. 88–96. In Russian.

Zinenko Ya. V. (2018) “Zeiskie” kitaitsy: problema sokhraneniya etnichnosti i etnicheskoi identifikatsii kitaiskikh potomkov v Rossii [The “Zeya” Chinese: The Problem of Preserving the Ethnicity and Ethnic Identification of Chinese Descendants in Russia]. In: Rossiya i Kitai na dal’nevostochnykh rubezhakh. Russkaya emigratsiya v Kitae: opyt iskhoda [Russia and China on the Far Eastern Borders. Russian Emigration in China: The Experience of Emi­gration]. Iss. 12. Ed. by A. P. Zabiyako, A. A. Zabiyako. Blagoveshchensk: AmGU. Pp. 230–234. In Russian.

Zinenko Ya. V., Tsmykal O. E. (2020) Ustnaya istoriya amurskikh kitaitsev [Oral History of the Amur Chinese]. Rossiya i Kitai: mysli o proshlom, vzglyad v budushchee [Russia and China: Thoughts of the Past, View of the Future]. Komsomol’sk-na-Amure: AmGPGU. Pp. 299–306. In Russian.

Zinenko Ya.V., Ju Kunyi (2015) “My zhili v Kharbine, kak pri tsarskoi Rossii”: sotsiokul’turnye i etnokul’turnye protsessy 10– 50-kh gg. ХХ v. v soznanii dal’nevostochnykh emigrantov [“We Lived in Harbin, as in Tsarist Russia”: Socio-Cultural and Ethnocultural Processes of the 1910–50s in the Minds of Far Eastern Emigres].
In: Rossiya i Kitai na dal’nevostochnykh rubezhakh. Istoricheskii opyt vzaimodeistviya kul’tur [Rus­sia and China on the Far Eastern Borders. The His­torical Experience of the Interaction of Cultures]. Iss.11. Ed. by A. P. Zabiyako, A. A. Zabiyako. Blagoveshchensk: AmGU. Pp. 353–364. In Russian.

For citation

Zinenko Ya. V., Tsmykal O. E. The Oral History of the Russian-Chinese Family as a Source for Studying the Ethnocultural Identity of the Descendants of Russian-Chinese Families on the Far Eastern Frontier. Traditional Culture. 2025. Vol. 26. No. 2. Pp. 151–163. In Russian.