https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7307-2286
E-mail: vasalexvas8@mail.ru
Tel.: +7 (4112) 2-38-78
13/1, M. Nikolaev av., Yakutsk, 677000, Russian Federation
Chief Expert, Department of Analytics and Methodology of Socio-Cultural Activities, Republican House of Folk Art and Socio-Cultural Technologies
Ludmila S. Efimova
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7360-6917
E-mail: ludmilaxoco@mail.ru
Tel.: +7 (4112) 49-67-44
21, Khabarov str., Yakutsk, 677000, Russian Federation
DSc in Philology, Chair, Department of Culturology, Institute of Languages and Culture of the Peoples of the Northeast, North-Eastern Federal University named after M. K. Ammosov
This article examines the northern regional tradition of Yakut “toyuk” singing which has its own specific features. Thus, in the Verkhoyanskii district, “djaangylyy toyuk” (Yana toyuks) and “toyuk” (toyuk songs) are common. The melodic structure of this toyuk is characterized by the phrase “djee-buo!” at the beginning and “toiuka” at the end, which is a feature of the northern regional tradition (from the Vilyui and Prilensk versions). In Soviet times, in the Ust-Yanskii and Allaikhovskii districts, the “muoralyy toyuk” (sea tune) was a specific type of toyuk of the northern tradition. The toyuks of the northern tradition preserve two different poetic structures — heterogeneous and homogeneous. When performing a toyuk, the singer makes special cadences at the end of several lines—a characteristic only of the northern tradition. The article presents a thematic classification of toyuks of this tradition according to the theory of G. U. Ergis. The article also considers the Yakut toyuk’s continuity of tradition. To identify this, it examines the various generations of the local Verkhoyansk tradition. The older generation is represented by the eminent “toyuksut,” M. N. Sleptsova-Kustuy Maariya, and M. M. Novgorodova, who personifies continuity with the Soviet era. The second generation is represented by Novgorodova’s students. However, the middle generation of Verkhoyansk singers, such as I. A. Vasilyeva-Legentei, only performs in the “degereng” style. The younger generation, such as K. A. Neustroeva, performs “dyaangylyy toyuk” in the “dyieretii” style.
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